Membranes are crucial in various industries, enabling selective separation and purification. In water treatment, they filter out impurities, ensuring safe drinking water. The chlor-alkali process uses membrane cells to produce chlorine and caustic soda, essential chemicals for many products. Pharmaceuticals rely on membranes for drug purification, while the food sector uses them for concentration and refinement. With their application in gas separation and CO2 capture, membranes are vital for environmental sustainability and innovation.